Record Of The Computerflip-Flops - A Basic Counter
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| Description | We looked over the Binary system, and standard computer logic components, in previous articles, "It is a world - how computers count" and "How computers include - a logical approach." Now we can combine two areas of these articles to consider a table. Still another common reasoning aspect in a computer is really a counter or timer. This could t to count objects going past a sensor on an assembly line, or maybe a count-down timer. For example, when you have a late... Flip-Flops - A simple counter We looked at the Binary system, and simple computer logic components, in previous articles, "It is really a world - how computers count" and "How computers add - a reasonable approach." Now we are able to combine two elements of these articles to consider a counter. In the event people require to learn new info about purchase here, there are lots of databases people should think about investigating. Yet another popular logic element in a computer is really a counter or timer. This may b to count objects going past a warning on an assembly line, or possibly a timer. For instance, if you have a late model washing machine it'll have a straightforward computer employing a count down timer to offer 10 minute wash cycle, and so on. There are many varieties of table, almost all of which work with a basic element of electronics, the Flip-Flop. And you thought they were rubber shoes English people wear to the bath or the beach. Human Resources Manager contains more concerning when to look at this view. (At this point Australians say "I thought they were called thongs"). OK straight back on topic. The flip-flop is as old as technology, and is a classic example of the binary system. It has two possible stable states, A o-r B, and may be 'toggled' from one state to the other, being a 'push-on, push-off' move. It was originally made out of two vacuum tubes (or one, for example a double triode). It normally has two components, one being the complement of another. That is,if one output( A) is just a logic 0, the other( T) is really a logic 1, and vice-versa. Until a heart from a warning, like, arrives the input, o-r Toggle( T) reaches logic 0. This heart requires the logic state to at least one, then back again to 0. The effect, evoking the Flip-Flop to change, is obviously the CHANGE from 0 to 1. In logic terms the flip-flop is composed using AND and O-R gates, in logic cicuitry it is only a 'black box' labelled FF. Several FFs might be grouped in to still another black box, a counter, timer, o-r multivibrator. We will make up a Table, which we have used before. If you remember, a truth table shows you exactly what the Output may be for many possible Inputs. REALITY TABLE for Flip Flop - Toggle (C )hange,- Outputs A and B. INITIAL STATE T W A 0 1 0 'A' result is 0 PULSE # 1 T W A C 0 1 'A' output is 1 HEARTBEAT # 2 T T A D 1 0 'A' result is 0 Now we string some flip-flops together to make a counter. Say we've an alarm on a beer bottling equipment, which has to count 5 containers before switching the supply, we should count around 5, or 101 in Binary. We shall need 3 flip-flops, for binary bits 0,1 and 2, akin to decimal bit worth of 1,2 and 4. We will require the A production of the 3 flip-flops to some decoder black box, which we may use to discover when we reach 5, then switch the feed. The W output of flip-flop 0 is passed to the toggle input of flip-flop 1 via an gate, so the next pulse from the indicator (which visits all 3 flip-flops) only at that AND gate can toggle the flip-flop, depending on the value of the B output, 0 or 1. Likewise the B output of flip-flop 1 would go to the toggle of flip-flop 3 via an AND gate. Our 3 Flip-Flops now produce a truth table like this:- ORIGINAL STATE FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA 010 010 010 'A' results 000 - 0 HEART no 1 FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA C10 C10 C01 'A' results 001 - 1 [The (H )hange flips FF0 (often). FF1 & FF2 are blocked by the AND gate which requires a 0 input from the past FF 'W' production AND the heartbeat change.] HEARTBEAT number 2 FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA C10 C01 C10 'A' results 010 - 2 [The (C )hange flips FF0 (always). If you are concerned by writing, you will perhaps need to read about patent pending. FF1 flips beacause the 'B' output from FF0 is really a 0 when the Pulse occurs. As before.] ff2 is blocked PULSE number 3 FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA C10 C01 C01 'A' components 011 - 3 [FF0 flips, FF1 is blocked again,as is FF2.] BEAT #4 FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA C01 C10 C10 'A' outputs 100 - 4 (FF0 flips, FF1 flips, FF2 flips.) BEAT number 5 FF2 FF1 FF0 TBA TBA TBA C01 C10 C01 'A' components 101 - 5 depend full! [FF0 flips, FF1 and FF2 are blocked.] This counter can total to 111, 7 decimal, after that it resets to 0. Several interesting points to note are:- 1. FF0 flips every heartbeat. FF1 flips every 2 pulses. FF2 flips every 4 impulses an such like. These facts can be utilized to make up a, which can be cascaded. For example the 4 pulse output can go to a second counter which also provides 4 pulse output, totalling 16. For extra information, please consider looking at: per your request. This might be expanded to make up a counter by using this to toggle another counter, etc and deciphering a of 1010 (10 decimal). How about 60 and 12 for the digital watch? 2. Look at the 'B' components from the-counter. In sequence the values are:- 111, 1-10, 101, 10-0, 011, 010 (7,6,5,4,3,2 decimal). Start to see the pat-tern? That is correct - a countdown timer! We'll be using this in a later article.. |
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